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Monday, February 27, 2012

Torsion in the Twists (Belt/Plate Trick)

This is a follow-up post to the statement at the end of Everyday I'm \mathbb{RP}^{n+1}, that \pi_1\left(\mathbb{RP}^3\right) \cong \mathbb{Z}_2

\mathbb{Z}_2...  Isn't that the finite simple group of order two?

It was only a matter of time before I found an excuse to post this...

Anyway, have some links:

A quick video of the corresponding plate trick* 
Brief discussions here and here of the belt/plate trick, courtesy Wikipedia.
Some nice demonstrations (and also discussions) of the tricks, courtesy Bob Palais.
A quick video of the much-related quaternion handshake**

*In the plate trick, a path in SO(3) corresponding to a 720^\circ rotation is traced out over time by your hand, and the homotopy to a 0^\circ rotation is traced out 'spatially' as you move up/down your arm.  These roles are reversed in the belt trick, where the path is traced out spatially and the homotopy occurs over time.

**\mathbb{RP}^3 is a quotient of S^3 \subset \mathbb{R}^4.  The quaternions are isomorphic to \mathbb{R}^4 as an \mathbb{R}-vector space.
So it shouldn't be too surprising that SO(3) is a quotient of the unit quaternions.

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